Flask

3rd party Python library. Flask Documentation

from flask import Flask, render_template, request

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")

def index():
	name = request.args["name"]
	return render_template("index.html")

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1, width=device-width">
        <title>hello</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        hello, {{ name }}
    </body>
</html>

Jinja

a language for Flask to use placeholders in html pages. Jinja Documentation

from flask import Flask, render_template, request

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")

def index():
	name = request.args["name"]
	return render_template("index.html", placeholder=name)

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1, width=device-width">
        <title>hello</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        hello, {{ placeholder }}
    </body>
</html>

a list can cause of problem, so use .get

from flask import Flask, render_template, request

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")

def index():
							#reaquest, default
	name = request.args.get("name", "world")
	return render_template("index.html", placeholder=name)

Using a form is more standard.

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1, width=device-width">
        <title>hello</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <form action="/greet" methd="get">
			<input autocomplete="off" autofocus name="name" placeholder="Name" type="text">
			<button type="submit">Greet</button>
		</form>
    </body>
</html>

Use Jinja to create an .html template. (Could have used this last week instead of jQuery)

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1, width=device-width">
        <title>hello</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        {% raw %} {% block body %}{% endblock %}{% endraw %}
    </body>
</html>

{% raw %}{% extends "layout.html" %}

{% block body %}

    <form action="/greet" method="get">
        <input autocomplete="off" autofocus name="name" placeholder="Name" type="text">
        <button type="submit">Greet</button>
    </form>

{% endblock %}{% endraw %}

Post

{% raw %}{% extends "layout.html" %}

{% block body %}

    <form action="/greet" method="post">
        <input autocomplete="off" autofocus name="name" placeholder="Name" type="text">
        <button type="submit">Greet</button>
    </form>

{% endblock %}{% endraw %}

Hides the special requests sent in the URL

# Uses a single route

from flask import Flask, render_template, request

app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route("/", methods=["GET", "POST"])
def index():
    if request.method == "POST":
        return render_template("greet.html", name=request.form.get("name", "world"))
    return render_template("index.html")

SQL integration

# Implements a registration form, storing registrants in a SQLite database, with support for deregistration

from cs50 import SQL
from flask import Flask, redirect, render_template, request

app = Flask(__name__)

db = SQL("sqlite:///froshims.db")

SPORTS = [
    "Basketball",
    "Soccer",
    "Ultimate Frisbee"
]


@app.route("/")
def index():
    return render_template("index.html", sports=SPORTS)


@app.route("/deregister", methods=["POST"])
def deregister():

    # Forget registrant
    id = request.form.get("id")
    if id:
        db.execute("DELETE FROM registrants WHERE id = ?", id)
    return redirect("/registrants")


@app.route("/register", methods=["POST"])
def register():

    # Validate submission
    name = request.form.get("name")
    sport = request.form.get("sport")
    if not name or sport not in SPORTS:
        return render_template("failure.html")

    # Remember registrant
    db.execute("INSERT INTO registrants (name, sport) VALUES(?, ?)", name, sport)

    # Confirm registration
    return redirect("/registrants")


@app.route("/registrants")
def registrants():
    registrants = db.execute("SELECT * FROM registrants")
    return render_template("registrants.html", registrants=registrants)

#INDEX
{% raw %}{% extends "layout.html" %}

{% block body %}
    <h1>Register</h1>
    <form action="/register" method="post">
        <input autocomplete="off" autofocus name="name" placeholder="Name" type="text">
        {% for sport in sports %}
            <input name="sport" type="radio" value="{{ sport }}"> {{ sport }}
        {% endfor %}
        <button type="submit">Register</button>
    </form>
{% endblock %}{% endraw %}

#REGISTRANTS
{% raw %}{% extends "layout.html" %}

{% block body %}
    <h1>Registrants</h1>
    <table>
        <thead>
            <tr>
                <th>Name</th>
                <th>Sport</th>
                <th></th>
            </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
            {% for registrant in registrants %}
                <tr>
                    <td>{{ registrant.name }}</td>
                    <td>{{ registrant.sport }}</td>
                    <td>
                        <form action="/deregister" method="post">
                            <input name="id" type="hidden" value="{{ registrant.id }}">
                            <button type="submit">Deregister</button>
                        </form>
                    </td>
                </tr>
            {% endfor %}
        </tbody>
    </table>
{% endblock %}{% endraw %}

Sessions

Set-Cookie: session=value

Cookie: session=value

from flask import Flask, redirect, render_template, request, session
from flask_session import Session

# Configure app
app = Flask(__name__)

# Configure session
app.config["SESSION_PERMANENT"] = False
app.config["SESSION_TYPE"] = "filesystem"
Session(app)


@app.route("/")
def index():
    return render_template("index.html", name=session.get("name"))


@app.route("/login", methods=["GET", "POST"])
def login():
    if request.method == "POST":
        session["name"] = request.form.get("name")
        return redirect("/")
    return render_template("login.html")


@app.route("/logout")
def logout():
    session.clear()
    return redirect("/")

Shopping Cart

from cs50 import SQL
from flask import Flask, redirect, render_template, request, session
from flask_session import Session

# Configure app
app = Flask(__name__)

# Connect to database
db = SQL("sqlite:///store.db")

# Configure session
app.config["SESSION_PERMANENT"] = False
app.config["SESSION_TYPE"] = "filesystem"
Session(app)


@app.route("/")
def index():
    books = db.execute("SELECT * FROM books")
    return render_template("books.html", books=books)


@app.route("/cart", methods=["GET", "POST"])
def cart():

    # Ensure cart exists
    if "cart" not in session:
        session["cart"] = []

    # POST
    if request.method == "POST":
        book_id = request.form.get("id")
        if book_id:
            session["cart"].append(book_id)
        return redirect("/cart")

    # GET (?) gets from []
    books = db.execute("SELECT * FROM books WHERE id IN (?)", session["cart"])
    return render_template("cart.html", books=books)

Shows / SQL searching

# Searches for shows using LIKE

from cs50 import SQL
from flask import Flask, render_template, request

app = Flask(__name__)

db = SQL("sqlite:///shows.db")


@app.route("/")
def index():
    return render_template("index.html")


@app.route("/search")
def search():
    shows = db.execute("SELECT * FROM shows WHERE title LIKE ?", "%" + request.args.get("q") + "%")
    return render_template("search.html", shows=shows)

Ajax

asynchronies query and response to create responsive searching from the database as the user types.

API

functions as an API to the local “server”.

JSON

the most likely form of implementation. Formatted and standardized.